Sensory Integration Therapy: How It Can Benefit Children

Last Updated on August 9, 2025 by John Hookway

Sensory Integration Therapy helps your child deal with sights, sounds, touch, and movement. Some kids react a lot to loud noises or certain textures.

Many children, about 20% in some groups, have trouble with sensory processing. These problems are common in autism, ADHD, and other developmental differences.

You can get helpful advice and tips based on science to help your child’s sensory needs.

Sensory Processing

Sensory processing is how your brain gets information from your senses. You use sight, sound, touch, taste, and movement to learn about your world.

Your brain sorts these signals so you know how to react. Most kids do this without problems. If you hear a bell or see a bright light, your body knows what to do.

But sometimes, sensory processing is different. Scientists learned that brain wiring can change how you handle sensory input.

Research shows kids with sensory processing challenges have different white matter pathways. These pathways connect parts of the brain for hearing, seeing, and feeling. If these connections do not work well, it is harder to understand what you see, hear, or touch. This can change how you think, feel, and act every day.

Sensory processing is more than just noticing things. It is about how your brain organizes and reacts to all the signals it gets.

Signs in Children

You may wonder what sensory processing problems look like. Kids can show many signs. Some kids want strong sensations. Others try to avoid them.

Here are some common signs you might see:

• Sensory seeking: A child may rock back and forth, chew on pencils, or rub their lips. Some kids like to touch everything or move a lot.
• Sensory avoiding: Some kids dislike certain clothes, push away when touched, or cry if someone brushes against them. Loud noises or bright lights can upset them.
• Over- or under-sensitivity: Some kids cover their ears at normal sounds or do not notice pain. Some have a high pain tolerance and bump into things often.
• Motor skill challenges: Clumsiness and poor balance can happen. Kids may trip, drop things, or have trouble with balance.
• Picky eating: Being sensitive to taste, texture, or smell can make eating hard.
• Trouble with transitions: Changes in routine can cause meltdowns or tantrums.
• Social difficulties: Some kids have trouble making friends or understanding social cues.

If you see these signs, you are not alone. Many families notice these behaviors, and learning about them is the first step.

Autism and Sensory Issues

Kids with autism often have unique sensory processing. You may see strong reactions, like seeking or avoiding sensations.

Kids with autism may cover their ears at soft sounds or not react to pain. Sensory seeking, like spinning or staring at lights, is also common.

Studies show almost all kids with autism have sensory processing differences. These differences come from how their brains handle sensory signals.

For example, kids with autism may have trouble blocking out background noise, which can cause sensory overload.

They may react more to touch or movement. Girls with autism may be even more sensitive to sounds and have balance problems.

• Kids with autism have more touch and taste/smell sensitivity than other kids.
• Sensory processing challenges in autism can affect how kids talk and act.
• These patterns are not the same as in kids without autism, who usually do not have such strong or unusual sensory responses.

Learning about sensory issues in autism helps you support your child and find ways that help your family.

Sensory Integration Therapy

Definition

You may wonder what Sensory Integration Therapy is. Sensory Integration Therapy, also called SIT or Ayres Sensory Integration®, helps your child’s brain handle sensory information better.

It is a special therapy that uses play in a clinic setting. Your child tries different activities that focus on senses like touch, movement, and body awareness.

The therapist picks activities that fit your child’s needs. The main goal is to help your child’s brain organize and respond to sensory input. This makes daily life easier.

Dr. Jean Ayres started this therapy in the 1950s. Therapists today use her ideas to help kids who have trouble with loud sounds, bright lights, or certain textures. The sessions look like play, but every activity is chosen to help your child’s brain make stronger connections.

You may see your child swinging, jumping, or playing with toys that feel different. These activities are not just for fun. They help your child’s brain learn new ways to process the world.

Sensory Integration Therapy is about how your child’s brain reacts to sensory experiences, not just the activities.

Who Benefits

Sensory Integration Therapy helps many kids. It is not just for one group. Children who have trouble with sensory processing can benefit.

Here are some groups who often use this therapy:

• Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often need help with sensory challenges. Many occupational therapists use Sensory Integration Therapy with these children.
• Kids with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) may get referred by parents, teachers, or doctors. Early therapy can help their brains develop.
• Children with ADHD sometimes have trouble with sensory input and can benefit from this therapy.
• Kids with coordination problems, like balance or motor skills, may also find this therapy helpful.

Therapists use tests like the Sensory Profile 2 or the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests to find out what your child needs.

The therapy is always made for your child. You may hear about “sensory diets.” These are sets of activities designed just for your child to help them feel calm and focused.

If your child has trouble with sounds, textures, movement, or daily routines, Sensory Integration Therapy may help them feel more comfortable and confident.

Occupational Therapy Role

Occupational therapists have a big role in Sensory Integration Therapy. They do more than run sessions. Here is what they do:

• They check your child’s sensory needs, motor skills, and daily life.
• They make a plan that fits your child’s strengths and challenges.
• They use fun, structured activities to help your child build new skills.
• They work with you, your family, and your child’s teachers so everyone understands your child’s needs.
• They suggest changes at home or school, like sensory breaks or special seating, to help your child do well.
• They teach you how to help your child’s sensory needs outside of therapy.

You may see occupational therapists in schools, clinics, or your home. Their main goal is to help your child be more independent and enjoy daily life. They want your child to feel good and do their best at home, in school, and with friends.

Here is a quick look at what occupational therapists do in Sensory Integration Therapy:

Occupational therapists help you and your child every step of the way. They make sure therapy fits your family’s life.

Therapy Process

Assessment

Before starting Sensory Integration Therapy, your child gets an assessment. This helps you and the therapist learn about your child’s sensory needs.

You may answer questions about your child’s daily routines. Teachers and caregivers often help with this step.

Some tools used in assessments are:

• Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT): These tests check how your child senses and moves.
• Sensory Profile (SP and SP2): You answer questions about your child’s reactions to sounds, touch, and movement.
• Sensory Processing Measure (SPM): Parents and teachers use this to find sensory issues at home and school.
• Play-based assessments: The therapist watches your child play and sees how they react to things.
• Special checklists: Tools like the Preschool Sensory Scan for Educators or the Sensory Integration Inventory Revised help find risks in young kids.

A good assessment gives you a clear place to start. It helps set goals and shows progress as therapy goes on.

Activities

Therapists use many activities to help your child’s brain learn about sensory input. These activities seem like play, but each one has a reason.

Play-Based

You will see lots of play during therapy. The therapist may set up obstacle courses, pretend games, or art projects. These activities let your child try new sensations in a safe way. Play-based tasks also help your child trust the therapist and enjoy therapy.

• Building with blocks or clay
• Pretend play with costumes or props
• Drawing or painting with different textures

Movement

Movement activities help your child learn about balance and space. The therapist may use swings, trampolines, or balance boards. Your child might climb, jump, or crawl through tunnels. These activities help with body awareness and coordination.

• Swinging or rocking
• Bouncing on a trampoline
• Climbing playground equipment
• Tug of war or pushing heavy objects

Tactile/Auditory

Some activities focus on touch and sound. Your child might squeeze stress balls, play with textured toys, or wear weighted vests. Therapists may also use soft music or quiet spaces to help your child feel calm.

• Using beanbags or pillows for deep pressure
• Chewing gum or blowing bubbles
• Listening to calming sounds or music
• Exploring sensory corners with soft lighting

These activities help your child get used to different sensations and learn to calm themselves.

Sessions

Therapy sessions last about 30 to 60 minutes. You may go a few times each week, depending on your child’s needs.

The therapist sets clear goals with you at the start. Progress is tracked with checklists, watching your child, and feedback from you and teachers.

You will see changes over time. Your child may become more confident, calm, and able to handle daily routines. The therapist celebrates small wins and changes activities as your child grows. This keeps therapy helpful and focused for your family.

Benefits

Daily Function

Sensory Integration Therapy can help your child every day. When your child learns to handle sensory input, things get easier. You might see changes at home, school, and in the community.

Self-Care

Your child may start doing self-care tasks alone. Brushing teeth, getting dressed, or eating can feel less hard. Some kids have trouble with buttons, zippers, or food textures.

After therapy, these things may not bother them as much. Your child might pick out clothes or try new foods. Feeling proud and in control helps them grow.

When your child feels okay with new sensations, self-care gets easier.

School

School can be hard for kids with sensory problems. Bright lights and loud sounds can be too much. Sensory Integration Therapy helps your child focus and stay calm.

You may see your child sit still longer and follow directions. They might join group work or finish tasks with fewer meltdowns. Teachers often notice kids join in more and do better in class.

Here’s a quick look at how therapy helps daily life:

Behavior

You may see your child’s behavior change after therapy starts. Many kids act out when they feel overwhelmed.

Therapy gives your child ways to handle these feelings. You might see fewer tantrums and less anger. Kids learn to take breaks or ask for help instead of melting down.

• Children often show better self-control.
• Outbursts and frustration decrease.
• Your child may start to use words or gestures to express needs.

Therapists work with you and your child to practice these skills. Early help can stop bigger problems later. When your child feels safe, their behavior gets better in many places.

Social Skills

Social skills can be tough for kids with sensory issues. Some kids avoid others or have trouble making friends. Sensory Integration Therapy helps your child feel better in social settings.

You may see your child join games or talk with classmates more. Therapy often uses group play and turn-taking to build social habits.

A study showed that sensory-motor exercises helped kids with autism. They got better at making friends and joining group activities. You might see your child smile more or handle changes with less worry.

When your child feels calm with their senses, they can make friends and enjoy being with others.

Motor Skills

Sometimes, your child may have trouble with balance or moving smoothly. Sensory Integration Therapy uses fun activities to help with these skills. Your child can get better at walking, running, and jumping. Swinging, climbing, and balancing help your child feel steady.

Therapy also makes muscles stronger and movements more exact. Your child might push, pull, or carry things to build control. Drawing, cutting, and buttoning clothes can get easier.

Games and crafts help your child practice small hand moves. As your child learns new things, they become more independent. They may try sports or play with others without worry.

Tying shoes or pouring drinks can become smoother. Your child feels proud when they do things alone. The therapist uses balance games, touch play, and movement activities. These help your child’s brain connect senses and actions.

Many parents and therapists notice big changes in motor skills after Sensory Integration Therapy. Kids become more active, coordinated, and ready for daily life.

Attention

It can be hard when your child cannot focus or gets distracted. Sensory Integration Therapy helps your child’s brain organize sensory information.

When your child learns to handle sights, sounds, and movement, focusing gets easier. Therapists use activities that mix different senses. Your child might move while listening to music or follow a picture schedule. These tasks help your child’s brain manage more at once.

Over time, your child can pay attention longer and ignore distractions. Occupational therapists teach self-control skills too. Your child practices breathing, uses timers, or follows simple steps. These tools help your child plan and finish tasks.

You may see your child sit still for homework or listen in class. Sensory diets are also part of therapy. Weighted blankets, chewy toys, and obstacle courses help your child feel calm.

When your child feels good, attention gets better. Therapists may use deep pressure to help your child respond to sensory input.

Sensory Integration Therapy gives your child ways to focus and learn. You will see more concentration, less acting out, and easier days at home and school.

Strategies

At Home

Environment

You can make your home more comfortable for your child by changing a few things. Start with the most stressful sensory triggers. Involve your child in picking what feels best.

Try these steps:

1. Pick one or two changes, like softer lighting or quieter spaces.
2. Plan with your family. Everyone should know about the changes.
3. Watch how your child reacts. Write down what works.
4. Add new changes slowly. Give your child time to adjust.
5. Teach everyone in your home about sensory supports.
6. Check in often. Your child’s needs may change as they grow.

A calm, organized space helps your child focus and feel safe.

You can use dimmer switches or warm lights to lower stress. Soundproofing with rugs or curtains keeps things quiet. Create a cozy corner with soft cushions and sensory toys.

Keep rooms tidy and use clear bins for toys. Choose calming colors like blue or green. Try flexible seating, like beanbags or stability balls.

In the bathroom, add non-slip mats and control water temperature. Make an outdoor area for active play and relaxation.

Activities

You can support your child’s sensory needs with simple activities. Here are some ideas:

• Set up sensory bins with rice, beans, or sand for touch play.
• Use weighted blankets or compression clothing for deep pressure.
• Offer fidget toys, squishy balls, or stress balls for calming.
• Let your child jump on a mini trampoline or do wall push-ups.
• Try swings, scooters, or monkey bars for movement.
• Use visual schedules and timers to build routines.
• Give regular sensory breaks during the day.
• Involve your child in picking sensory tools and activities.
• Use “first-then” language or transition objects to help with changes.

Consistent routines and sensory breaks help your child stay calm and focused.

At School

You can work with teachers to support your child’s sensory needs at school. Ask about these options:

• Sensory corners with beanbags, weighted blankets, or tents.
• Flexible seating, like therapy balls or rocking chairs.
• Visual schedules and clear step-by-step directions.
• Noise-canceling headphones or earplugs for loud times.
• Sensory breaks with jumping, stretching, or quiet time.
• Fidget tools or chewable jewelry for focus.
• Movement activities during class, gym, or recess.
• Calm-down corners for self-regulation.
• Prepare your child for fire drills or loud events with warnings.

Teamwork with teachers and staff makes school a better place for your child.

Professional Help

Sometimes, you may need extra support. Seek help if your child’s sensory issues cause big problems with emotions, self-esteem, or daily life.

Watch for frequent meltdowns, sleep trouble, picky eating, or clumsiness. Early help works better than waiting.

An occupational therapist can create a plan just for your child. If your child has autism or ADHD, tailored therapy can make a big difference.

Trust your instincts. If you worry about your child’s sensory needs, reach out for help.

Research

Studies

You might want to know what research says about Sensory Integration Therapy for kids. Many studies have checked if this therapy helps, especially for kids with autism or sensory processing problems.

• A big review from 2000 to 2012 looked at 19 studies. Five of these used Sensory Integration Therapy in clinics with child-led, multi-sensory activities. These studies showed kids got better at daily skills. The changes were measured by Goal Attainment Scaling. The improvements were moderate to large.
• Fourteen other studies tried single-sensory ideas, like weighted vests. These did not help much.
• One important study by Roseann Schaaf in 2013 used a strong research plan. Kids with autism who got Sensory Integration Therapy improved more than those who did not. Parents said their kids needed less help with self-care and social skills.
• Other small studies also found Sensory Integration Therapy helps kids reach goals, especially when the therapy follows a set plan.
• Reviews by experts say some studies show good results, but many do not use the best research methods. Some studies mix different types of sensory therapy, so it is hard to know what really works.

Research shows Sensory Integration Therapy can help some kids, but results are mixed. Experts agree that more good studies are needed.

Strengths

Some good things stand out in research on Sensory Integration Therapy.

• Sensory Integration Therapy uses an intense treatment plan, often three to five times a week. This seems to help with sensory issues.
• Therapists make each plan fit your child’s needs and strengths.
• Parents get involved through learning and coaching. You learn how to use therapy ideas at home and school.
• The STAR Institute has published many studies since 2020, building strong proof for Sensory Integration Therapy.
• Sensory Integration Therapy is used by families all over the world, showing it is popular and accepted.

Sensory Integration Therapy’s strengths include focusing on the whole child, family support, and more research.

Limitations

Even with these good points, research on Sensory Integration Therapy has some clear limits.

• Many studies do not use random assignment, so results are less reliable.
• Most studies have small groups of kids, so it is hard to know if the results fit everyone.
• Researchers often do not “blind” the people who rate progress, which can cause bias.
• Many studies use reports from parents or teachers, not direct measures of real-life changes.
• Some studies do not clearly say which kids benefit most from Sensory Integration Therapy.
• The types of therapy and kids in each study can be very different, making it hard to compare results.
• Some experts say current research is not enough to prove Sensory Integration Therapy works for all kids with sensory or developmental problems.

You should know that while Sensory Integration Therapy is popular, experts want more careful and bigger studies to really understand its benefits and limits.

Expert Views

When you ask experts about Sensory Integration Therapy, you get many opinions. Some experts think this therapy can help. Others want more proof before they suggest it for every child.

Experts agree that Sensory Integration Therapy tries to help your child’s brain handle sensory information better. The goal is to help your child act and feel better in daily life. Many therapists use Ayres Sensory Integration® because it has been used for over 50 years. Still, experts say research does not show clear, long-lasting results for every child.

Some experts feel hopeful about SIT. They talk about studies where kids get better at moving, making friends, and handling sensory problems.

These changes can make life easier for your child. Some therapists see kids become calmer and join more activities after therapy. They also see fewer self-stimulatory behaviors.

But some experts are more careful. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not fully support using sensory integration disorder as a diagnosis.

The AAP is not sure if SIT works well for a long time. They say you should set clear goals and watch progress if you try this therapy. The AAP wants you to work with trained occupational therapists who know how to check results.

Here is what experts often say about Sensory Integration Therapy:

• Many experts have mixed or unsure views about the long-term benefits of SIT, especially for kids with autism.
• The AAP says you should set goals and watch progress during therapy.
• Most research uses small groups of kids, so results may not fit everyone.
• Only a few good studies exist, and they show some improvements, but nothing certain.
• Some kids show better movement and social skills, but these findings are early and need more proof.
• After many years, experts still want stronger proof before they call SIT a proven long-term answer.
• Experts say you should track therapy results with help from occupational therapists.

You might wonder why experts do not all agree. The reason is simple. Research on SIT has limits. Studies often use small groups and do not always follow strict rules. Because of this, experts say you need more good research to know if SIT works for a long time.

If you want to try Sensory Integration Therapy, experts say you should set clear goals with your therapist. You should watch for changes and keep track of what helps your child. This helps you see what works best for your family.

Experts want you to know that Sensory Integration Therapy may help some kids, but you should always look for proof and work with professionals who understand your child’s needs.

Concerns

Safety

You want your child to feel safe in Sensory Integration Therapy. Safety is the most important thing. New activities can be scary or hard for some kids.

Therapists use swings, trampolines, and slides during play. These tools help your child learn about balance and movement. Always check if the therapist follows safety rules. Here are ways to keep therapy safe:

• Make sure the room is safe for moving around.
• Start with easy activities and go slow.
• Watch for signs like dizziness or sensory overload.
• Use deep pressure or proprioceptive activities to help calm your child.
• Ask for breaks in quiet, calm places.
• Let your child pick what feels okay.
• Try calm breathing together to help with feelings.
• Always talk to an occupational therapist for advice.
• Follow safety rules with swings and trampolines.

Therapists sometimes use weighted vests and brushing. These need to be used carefully. Talk to your doctor or therapist before starting therapy.

A calm and organized space helps your child feel safe. Slowly try new things so your child does not get scared.

Support your child’s feelings with caring adults and trauma-informed care. Therapy plans and sensory diets should fit your child’s needs.

Safety starts with a good therapist and a safe place. You can help by staying involved and asking questions.

Results

You may wonder what changes to expect from Sensory Integration Therapy. Families often see changes in daily life.

Many parents notice their child handles feelings better and joins more activities. Your child might join in more at home and outside. Family life can feel easier when your child feels calm.

• Parents say routines get better and stress goes down.
• Kids join family trips and group play more often.
• Therapy can help your child and your whole family enjoy life.

Researchers say you should look at changes for both your child and family. Tests should show how therapy helps with daily life. Some studies show good results, but others do not find big changes.

One big study found no big improvements in irritability or agitation after six months. After twelve months, there were no big changes in behavior, social skills, or parent stress.

Results are different for each child. You may see progress in some things, but not every child changes the same way.

Myths

You may hear myths about Sensory Integration Therapy. Some people think it is simple or works for everyone. That is not true. SIT is complex and works on brain changes. Results depend on your child’s needs.

• SIT is not the same for every child. Therapists must pick activities for each child.
• Some therapists do not fully understand SIT, so results can be different.
• Small studies show kids can reach family goals and pay attention better.
• SIT can help kids with autism do fewer repetitive behaviors and meet family goals.
• Research is hard because studies are small and money is limited.
• Some people think SIT does not work because big studies are hard to do.
• Occupational therapy does not get as much support as medicine, which affects research.

Experts say more research is needed to prove SIT works long-term. You should know SIT is not a quick fix. Progress takes time and depends on your child.

Myths can make things confusing. Ask your therapist for facts and keep learning about new research.

Sensory Integration Therapy helps your child feel better and more confident. It can also help your child get ready for daily life.

You can help your child by working with therapists. Use sensory activities at home and at school. Try calming tools and movement games. Work with teachers as a team.

• Parent training and help from school make routines easier.
• Community resources give therapy, online classes, and support groups.

There are many ways to help your child do well. Every small step is important.

FAQ

What is Sensory Integration Therapy?

Sensory Integration Therapy is a type of occupational therapy. You use it to help your child handle sights, sounds, touch, and movement. The goal is to make daily life easier and more comfortable for your child.

What happens during a typical session?

Your child plays with swings, balls, or textured toys. The therapist guides activities that match your child’s needs. You may see your child climb, jump, or squeeze soft objects. Each activity helps your child’s brain learn to process sensory input.

What signs show my child might need this therapy?

You might notice your child avoids certain textures, covers ears at sounds, or seeks lots of movement. Trouble with balance, picky eating, or frequent meltdowns can also be signs. If you see these, Sensory Integration Therapy could help.

What age is best to start Sensory Integration Therapy?

You can start therapy as soon as you notice sensory challenges. Many children begin between ages 2 and 8. Early support often leads to better results, but older kids can benefit too.

What should I look for in a therapist?

Look for a licensed occupational therapist with training in sensory integration. Ask about their experience with children like yours. A good therapist listens to you and works with your family and school.

What can I do at home to help?

You can set up a calm space, use sensory toys, and follow routines. Try activities like jumping, squeezing stress balls, or using weighted blankets. Ask your therapist for ideas that fit your child.

What results can I expect from therapy?

You may see your child become calmer, more focused, and more independent. Daily tasks like dressing or eating can get easier. Every child is different, so changes may take time.

What if my child does not like some activities?

That is okay! The therapist will adjust activities to fit your child’s comfort. You can share what works best. The goal is to help your child feel safe and supported.