Link Between Autism and Suicidal Thoughts

Studies show that people with autism have a much higher chance of thinking about suicide or trying it than people without autism.

“Parents are the main people who care for these kids. You need to help them and look after them. If not, these kids may lose hope.”

You can help your loved ones by learning more and getting help. Knowing about autism and suicidal thoughts lets you see when someone needs support and do something good.

Key Takeaways

• Autistic people have a much higher chance of having suicidal thoughts and actions than people who are not autistic.
• Early finding of autism can help give the right support and lower the chance of mental health problems.
• Mental health issues like depression and anxiety make suicide risk much higher for autistic people. Being alone and being bullied can make people feel lonely, which raises the chance of suicidal thoughts.
• Having high intelligence in autistic kids can be linked to more suicidal thoughts, especially in those who are twice-exceptional. Good communication is very important; finding ways to share feelings can help lower stress.
• Making a strong support group with friends, family, and professionals can give important help and understanding. Making a safety plan just for the person can help guide them in a crisis and help them feel safer.

Autism and Suicidal Thoughts

Increased Risk

Autism and suicidal thoughts often happen together. People with autism have a much higher risk of suicide.

The risk can be up to 48 times greater than for others. This risk is seen in both kids and adults. Even those with high IQ are affected.

Some studies look at autistic kids and those called twice-exceptional (2e). Twice-exceptional means having autism and high intelligence.

In most people, high IQ lowers suicide risk. But in autistic kids, high IQ links to more suicidal thoughts. Twice-exceptional youth have the highest risk for these thoughts. Scientists found a genetic link in these cases. This was the biggest study so far. It shows we need to pay more attention to this group.

Look at the table below to see suicide rates:

A Danish study looked at over 6.5 million people. It found that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a much higher risk of suicide.

Their risk is more than three times higher than others. In this study, 35,020 people had ASD. Out of these, 587 tried to end their life. Fifty-three died by suicide.

Mental health problems make the risk even higher. If someone with autism has another mental health issue, the risk goes up a lot. The odds ratio (OR) is 11.65 for those with any psychiatric disorder.

For adjustment disorder, the OR is 3.52. With a psychotic disorder, the OR is between 1.95 and 10.97. Mood disorders raise the OR from 1.75 to 9.82.

Bipolar disorder raises it from 2.55 to 4.95. These numbers show a strong link between autism and suicidal thoughts, especially with other mental health issues.

• People with autism are much more likely to have suicidal thoughts or actions.
• The risk can be up to 48 times higher than for others.
• Suicide rates in autistic people are about 7.5 times higher than in those without autism.
• High intelligence in autistic kids is linked to more suicidal thoughts, especially in twice-exceptional youth.
• Having other mental health problems makes the risk even higher for people with autism.

Why It Matters

It is important to understand the link between autism and suicidal thoughts. Finding autism early helps people who might be at risk. If you spot the signs soon, you can give support. This can lower mental health problems.

Studies show that not getting enough help makes suicidal thoughts more likely in autistic adults. Giving the right support can lower this risk.

Autistic advocacy groups work to prevent suicide. They want more people to know about the risks. They also want more support for people with autism.

Doctors and teachers are important. They need to know about the higher risk. This way, they can help and give resources.

There are still things we do not know about autism and suicidal thoughts. Most research looks at certain countries or groups.

Autistic females have even higher risks. Scientists need more information to know why. Experts say suicide prevention must fit autistic people’s needs. More research will help us give better support and save lives.

If you see signs of suicidal thoughts in someone with autism, get help. Early support can really help.

Risk Factors

Mental Health Challenges

Mental health problems are a big reason for suicide risk in autistic people. Many autistic adults have depression and anxiety.

These problems make life harder and can cause suicidal thoughts. If you have autism, you might feel more stress than others. This stress can make you sad or worried for a long time.

Depression

Depression is common in autistic people. You might feel hopeless or tired. You may stop liking things you used to enjoy. Depression can make daily life feel too hard.

About 80% of autistic adults say they have depression. This means it is important to look for signs of sadness or pulling away. Depression can lead to suicidal thoughts, especially if you feel alone or not understood.

Anxiety

Anxiety is also a big problem. You might feel nervous or scared around people. Simple tasks can feel too much. Anxiety and depression often happen together.

If you feel anxious all the time, you may think things will never get better. This can make suicidal thoughts more likely. If you worry or panic a lot, you should ask for help.

• Many autistic people have depression and anxiety.
• These mental health problems raise the risk of suicide.
• Stress in life can make these problems worse and cause more suicidal thoughts.

Social Isolation

Being alone is a big risk for suicide in autistic people. You might want friends but find it hard to make them. Some people think autistic people do not want friends, but that is not true. Most want to connect but face rejection or bullying.

• Being alone makes suicide risk higher.
• Autistic people often get rejected and do not get enough support.
• You can feel lonely even if you want friends.
• Bullying and rejection can make you feel more alone and think about suicide.

If you feel alone, remember others care about you. Making friends or joining groups can help protect you from suicidal thoughts. Support from family or friends can really help.

Communication Barriers

Trouble talking to others also raises suicide risk. You may find it hard to share your feelings or ask for help. Others might not understand you or listen to you. This can make you feel upset and ignored. When you cannot talk about your pain, it can build up inside.

• Autistic people often have trouble talking with others.
• Not being able to share feelings can cause distress.
• Feeling ignored or not understood makes suicidal thoughts more likely.

If you have these problems, try new ways to share your feelings. You can write, draw, or use technology to talk. Support from people who understand you can help you cope.

Autism and suicidal thoughts are closely linked to mental health problems, being alone, and trouble talking. Knowing these risks helps you protect yourself or someone you care about.

Bullying and Stigma

Bullying and stigma make life harder for autistic people. You might get teased or left out at school. Sometimes, bullying can even hurt you physically.

Many studies show bullying causes anxiety and depression in autistic people. If you feel picked on, your self-esteem can drop. This can make you feel sad and hopeless.

Bullying does more than hurt your feelings. It can cause real mental health problems. Some bullied people may start thinking about suicide.

Abuse makes this risk even higher. If you feel targeted, you might get stressed or have PTSD symptoms. People who get bullied once may get bullied again. This makes things even worse.

If you or someone you know is bullied, ask for help. Talking to a trusted adult or counselor can help a lot.

High IQ and Suicidality

You might think having a high IQ keeps you safe from mental health problems. For autistic people, this is not always true.

Research shows autistic people with high IQs have a much higher chance of thinking about suicide. The risk is almost six times higher for these people.

Scientists found a genetic link between high intelligence and suicidal thoughts in autistic people. Even if you do well in school, you may still struggle with mental health.

You might feel different or misunderstood. This can make you feel stressed. If you notice these feelings, remember you are not alone. Support is available.

Feelings of Burdensomeness

Feeling like a burden can make suicidal thoughts worse. You may think your needs cause problems for your family or friends. This feeling is common in people with autism. It can lead to deep sadness or hopelessness.

It can be hard to explain these feelings to others. Sometimes, you might not know you feel this way. Depression can make these thoughts stronger.

Studies show feeling like a burden and not belonging are strong predictors of suicidal thoughts. If you notice these feelings, talk to someone you trust. Sharing your thoughts can help you feel less alone.

Knowing how bullying, high IQ, and feeling like a burden affect autism and suicidal thoughts can help you spot risks and get help early.

Warning Signs

Common Signs

You might see warning signs if someone thinks about suicide. These signs can look different in autistic people. Watch for changes in how they act or feel.

Some common signs are:

• Talking about dying or feeling hopeless
• Staying away from friends or family
• Not caring about favorite things anymore
• Eating or sleeping differently than before
• Giving away things they own
• Acting more angry or upset than usual

Autistic people have more suicidal thoughts and actions than others. Sometimes, people do not notice these signs. This can cause big problems. You should watch closely for sudden changes.

If you notice these signs, take them seriously. You can help by listening and giving support.

Unique Signs in Autism

Warning signs can look different in autistic people. You might see less clear signals. Some autistic people do not talk about their feelings. They may show distress in other ways.

Look for these signs:

• Doing more repetitive things, like rocking or hand-flapping
• Changing routines or rituals quickly
• Getting very upset over small changes
• Spending more time on hobbies or interests
• Being very quiet or not talking much

If you miss these signs, it can be harder to help. Autism and suicidal thoughts can show up in unusual ways. Autistic people may not say they feel sad or hopeless. You should look for changes in what they usually do.

Communication Differences

Communication can be hard when spotting suicide risk in autistic people. You may see they have trouble sharing feelings. Sometimes, they use unclear words or avoid talking about emotions.

Watch for these differences:

• Trouble understanding each other because of miscommunication
• Needing to use lots of words, especially when stressed
• Using emotion recognition during mental health checks
• Showing feelings in different ways, like not showing emotion or keeping feelings inside

Caregivers and youth often disagree about symptoms in autism. This can make it hard to know how the person feels. Sometimes, this stops people from getting help.

You may need to try new ways to check for suicide risk. For example, you can use drawing, writing, or technology to help share feelings.

Remember, every person is different. Stay alert and be open to new ways to understand their feelings.

Responding to Risk

Starting the Conversation

Talking about suicide can feel scary, but starting the conversation is important. You might worry that asking about suicide will make things worse.

Research shows that asking directly does not increase suicidal thoughts. In fact, it can help someone feel less alone. If you notice changes in mood or behavior, try to talk in a calm and private place. Use simple words and speak clearly.

• Ask questions like, “Are you feeling very sad or hopeless?” or “Have you thought about hurting yourself?”
• Listen without judging or interrupting.
• Let the person know you care and want to help.

Autism-aware professionals can help guide these talks. They know how to support mental health in autistic people.

Early intervention programs and accessible mental health resources make a big difference. You can also screen for suicide risk during routine care visits.

Ask about thoughts and feelings related to suicide. Give education and resources on warning signs to both autistic individuals and their families. Work together to create a safety plan that fits the person’s needs.

“It’s okay to talk about hard feelings. You are not alone, and help is available.”

Listening and Support

When someone shares their feelings, your support matters. Listen closely and show you understand. Avoid giving quick advice or telling them to “cheer up.” Instead, let them talk at their own pace. Sometimes, just being there helps the most.

• Promote acceptance and understanding to reduce stigma.
• Offer support and education to caregivers.
• Find mental health services that fit the needs of autistic people.
• Use tailored interventions for autism and suicide prevention.

You can help by making the person feel safe and accepted. Encourage them to share their feelings in ways that work for them, like writing or drawing. Support from family and friends can lower the risk of suicide. Remember, your patience and kindness can make a big difference.

Seeking Help

If you think someone is at risk, take action right away. You do not have to handle this alone. Follow these steps to get help:

1. Ask: Start by asking directly about suicidal thoughts. This shows you care and want to help.
2. Be There: Listen without judging. Let them share their feelings and fears.
3. Help Keep Them Safe: Remove anything that could be used for self-harm. Talk about any plans they may have.
4. Help Them Connect: Reach out to crisis resources like the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. Connect them with trusted adults or professionals.
5. Follow Up: Stay in touch after the crisis. Ongoing support is key for recovery.

Safety planning is a proven way to help people stay safe during tough times. Work together to make a plan that fits the person’s needs.

Caregivers and providers can get training to make safety plans more effective for autistic youth. Remember, autism and suicidal thoughts need a team approach. You can help by staying informed and ready to act.

Crisis Steps

When someone has suicidal thoughts, you must act fast and stay calm. Knowing what to do can help save a life. You might feel nervous or unsure, but having a plan helps you feel ready.

If you or someone you care about is in danger, call 911 or your local emergency number right away. Emergency workers know how to help in serious situations. Do not wait if you think someone’s life is at risk.

You have a few ways to get quick help:

• Mobile crisis teams can come to where you are. These teams have mental health experts who help people in crisis, including those with autism. They look at the situation, give support, and help you choose what to do next.
• Walk-in crisis clinics give help right away without needing an appointment. You can go there if you need to talk to someone now. The staff know about mental health emergencies and can help you find more care.
• Crisis hotlines like the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline give support by phone or text. You can call or text any time, day or night. Trained counselors listen and help you figure out what to do next.

If you help an autistic person, keep a list of local crisis resources nearby. Share this list with family or caregivers so everyone knows what to do in an emergency.

Short interventions can help a lot during a crisis. Safety planning is one of the best tools. You and your loved one can make a safety plan together.

This plan should include:

• Signs that a crisis might be starting
• Steps to help calm down or feel safe
• Contact info for trusted people and professionals
• Ways to remove or avoid things that could cause harm
• A list of reasons to keep going, like favorite things or people

A safety plan works best when it fits the person’s needs. For autistic people, include their special ways of talking and coping. Use clear words, pictures, or written steps if that helps. Look at the plan often and change it when needed.

Sometimes, regular outpatient care is not possible. In these times, short interventions and a strong safety plan are even more important. Studies show that making a plan together with the person in crisis can lower the chance of future suicide attempts.

You are not alone. Crisis services are here to help you and your loved ones during hard times. Asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Support Strategies

Safe Environment

You can help make things safe for autistic people at risk. Think about what helps them feel calm and secure. Everyone is different and has their own needs. Focus on what they like and what they are good at.

• Safety planning helps autistic youth know what to do in hard times.
• Use methods that match the person’s needs. Some need quiet places. Others want routines that feel familiar.
• Caregivers are very important. Include them in safety planning. They can notice warning signs and give support.
• Visual aids and clear steps help autistic people know what to do. Use pictures, lists, or guides with steps.
• Sensory-friendly spaces help a lot. Lower loud sounds and bright lights. Let them use things that comfort them, like blankets or headphones.
• Support their special interests. These can help distract from stress and give comfort during a crisis.

You can change things at home, school, or work. Ask the person what makes them feel safe. Listen to what they say and change the space if needed.

Building Support

You need strong support to lower suicide risk. Friends, family, teachers, and counselors can help. Support networks do more than give comfort. They help with feelings, stress, and solving problems.

A good support network helps with emotions, seeing things from other views, and lowering stress. It can also help speak up for their needs.

When someone feels overloaded or in crisis, a good support network helps with emotions, seeing things from other views, and lowering stress.

Studies show autistic people have high suicide risk and other mental health problems. A support network helps autistic people and can help them get mental health care.

Using these ideas, we can help autistic people make friends and lower suicide risk by making them feel less lonely.

You can build support by joining groups, talking to trusted adults, or meeting others who know about autism. Support networks help you feel less alone and more sure of yourself.

Safety Plans

Safety plans give clear steps for what to do in a crisis. Make a plan that fits your needs. Work with caregivers, teachers, or counselors to make it. Use easy words and pictures if needed.

Look at your safety plan often. Change it when things in your life change. Share it with people you trust. A good safety plan helps you stay safe and know what to do when you feel overwhelmed.

Self-Advocacy

Self-advocacy means speaking up for yourself and making choices that support your well-being. You can use self-advocacy to manage your mental health and reduce suicidal thoughts.

When you learn to advocate for yourself, you gain more control over your life. You can ask for help when you need it and share your feelings with people you trust.

You might wonder how self-advocacy helps you handle tough times. It starts with knowing yourself. You learn to notice your emotions and understand what triggers stress or sadness. This self-awareness gives you the power to recognize when you need support. You can then take steps to protect your mental health.

Practice saying how you feel. Use simple words like “I feel sad” or “I need help.” You do not have to explain everything. Just sharing your feelings can make a big difference.

Self-advocacy also means learning how to communicate your needs. You can use words, writing, pictures, or technology. Find the way that works best for you.

When you tell others what you need, you help them understand how to support you. You might ask for quiet time, a break from schoolwork, or someone to listen. These requests help you feel safer and less alone.

You play an active role in your mental health journey. You can join meetings with teachers, counselors, or doctors.

You can share your thoughts about what helps you feel better. When you take part in decisions, you feel more confident. You know that your voice matters.

Here are some ways self-advocacy empowers you:

• You build self-awareness and learn to understand your emotions and needs.
• You practice sharing your thoughts and feelings, which helps you manage suicidal thoughts.
• You take part in your mental health care, leading to better outcomes.

You do not have to do this alone. Family, friends, and professionals can support your self-advocacy. You can ask them to help you practice speaking up or to join you in meetings.

You can also find groups or clubs where people share their experiences. These groups help you learn new skills and feel connected.

“Your voice is important. When you speak up, you help others understand you and give you the support you need.”

If you feel nervous about self-advocacy, start small. Write down your feelings or make a list of things that help you. Share these with someone you trust. Over time, you will feel more comfortable asking for what you need.

Self-advocacy gives you tools to manage stress, ask for help, and protect your mental health. You can use these skills every day. Remember, you have the right to speak up and get support. Your journey matters, and your voice can make a difference.

Resources

Helplines

You can get help any time you need it. Helplines are there when you feel sad or in trouble. People who answer the phone are trained to help you.

They listen and give advice during hard times. Some helplines are made for autistic people and their families. You do not have to go through tough times alone.

These helplines are open all day and night. You can call for yourself or for someone else.

Organizations

Many groups work to stop suicide and help autistic people. These groups give information, programs, and a place to belong. You can find help, join support groups, or learn about mental health and autism.

You can visit the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) website. This group brings together experts who work on suicide prevention for autistic and neurodivergent people. You may find helpful articles, online talks, and events.

Joining a group can help you feel less alone and more supported.

Further Reading

You can learn more about autism and suicide risk by reading research and reviews. These readings help you know the facts and what is happening now. They also show why support and early help are important.

• A 2014 review by Magali Segers and Jennine Rawana found that 10.9–50% of autistic people have suicidality. The review also showed that 7.3–15% of people with suicidal thoughts are autistic. Risk factors include being bullied, behavior problems, and differences in race or income.
• A 2018 review by Darren Hedley and Mirko Uljarević looked at studies from 2013 to 2018. This review shared new ideas and trends about suicide in autism.
• These reviews show that autistic people need special support and early help.

Reading these studies can help you learn more and be ready to help yourself or others.

You can use these resources to get help, meet others, and learn about autism and suicide prevention. Remember, asking for help is a sign of strength. You are not alone.

Learning about autism and suicidal thoughts helps you keep people safe. Studies show these thoughts can start when kids are very young. Some kids have these thoughts before they turn 8 years old. Many children with autism say they want to die or have a plan.

• Suicidal thoughts can happen earlier than most people think.
• A lot of kids feel this way before they are 8.
• Almost half of kids have thought about dying at some point.

Watch for early warning signs. Use help and resources when you need them.

FAQ

What should you do if you notice suicidal thoughts in an autistic person?

Stay calm when you talk to them. Ask simple questions about their feelings. Listen and do not judge them. If you feel worried, tell a trusted adult or call a crisis helpline right away.

Can autistic children have suicidal thoughts?

Yes, autistic children can think about suicide. You might see changes in how they act or feel. Watch for warning signs and talk to them. Early help can keep them safe.

Why do autistic people have a higher risk of suicide?

Autistic people often get bullied and feel lonely. They may have mental health problems too. Trouble talking makes it hard to ask for help. These things raise the risk of suicidal thoughts and actions.

How can you support an autistic friend who feels hopeless?

Listen to your friend and show you care. Encourage them to talk about their feelings. Help them find support from family, teachers, or counselors. Remind them they are not alone.

Are there special resources for autistic people in crisis?

Yes, some helplines and groups help autistic people. You can call 988 or find local crisis teams. Many groups give support and information for autistic people and their families.

What are some warning signs of suicide in autistic individuals?

You might see them pull away from friends or change routines. They may do more repetitive things or give away belongings. Some talk about feeling hopeless. Always take these signs seriously.

Can high intelligence protect autistic people from suicide risk?

High intelligence does not always keep autistic people safe. Research shows autistic people with high IQs may have more suicidal thoughts. Watch for warning signs, no matter their intelligence.

How can you make your environment safer for someone at risk?

Remove dangerous items and make the space calm. Use pictures and clear routines. Support their interests and include caregivers in safety planning. A safe place helps lower stress and risk.